Gerry Kuhn Environmental & Hygiene Engineering

CK 1997 / 037892 / 23

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DustWatch -

Data


Some Data that is not Easily Available.  

 

Excellent humidity and moist air online calculators

  1. http://physics.holsoft.nl/physics/ocmain.htm#densair (Page also available at Calculator for moist air)

  2. http://www.natmus.dk/cons/tp/atmcalc/atmocalc.htm (Page also available at Holsoft's Physics Resources Pages)

  3. http://www.natmus.dk/cons/tp/atmcalc/ATMOCLC1.HTM#vca (Page also available at Moisture in air)

 

Density Data

If you have sweated to find data, then please allow it to be added here. Email us.

The specific gravity is calculated using a density of water of 997.6466 kg/m3.  
SG = density of substance/997.6466.

Material Specific Gravity
Aluminium  cast 2.569
Aluminium wrought 2.681
bronze 7.787
Antimony 6.712
Arsenic 5.748
Bismuth 9.827
From 7.868
Brass cast to 8.430
Average 8.109
Brass Muntz-metal 8.221
Brass naval (rolled)  8.510
Brass sheet 8.462
Brass wire 8.558
From 8.478
Bronze 
(gun metal)		 to 8.863
Average 8.735
Copper,  Cast 8.622
Copper hammered 8.927
Copper sheet 8.815
Copper wire 8.895
Gold (pure) 19.316
Gold standard 22 carat fine (Gold 11, copper 1) 17.502
Iron Cast From 6.904
to 7.386
Average 7.209
From 7.547
Iron Wrought to  7.803
Average 7.707
Lead cast 11.368
sheet 11.432
Manganese 8.012
Nickel Cast 8.285
rolled 8.687
Platinum 21.516
Silver 10.517
From 7.820
Steel to 7.916
Average 7.868
Tin 7.418
White metal babbitt's 7.322
Zinc cast 6.872
sheet 7.209

 

Woods (at 15 percent moisture content by mass.)
  As a general rule, solids and liquids are usually quoted by mass, while gasses are quoted by volume)

Material Density (kg/m3) Material Density (kg/m3)
Ash, European 704.81 Mahogany, African 560.65
Beech, European 720.83 Mahogany Honduras 544.63
Birch, European 672.78 Oak, American red 784.90
Boxwood, European 929.07 Oak, American white 768.89
Cork 240.28 Oak, English 720.83
Ebony, Ceylon 1185.37 Pine, Yellow 416.48
Greenheart 1041.20 Redwood (Scots Pine) 512.59
Hornbeam 768.89 Teak 656.76
Larch, European 592.68 Whitewood, European 464.54
Lignum - vitae 1249.44    
 

 

Stones, Earths, etc.

Material Density (kg/m3) Material Density (kg/m3)
Asphaltum 1025 - 1794 Grindstone 2146.47
Brick, common 1601 - 2002 Lime, quick 832.96
Brick, fire 2194 - 2402 Limestones and marbles 2402 - 2867
Cement, Portland 1281 - 1441 Mortar, hardened 1409 - 1890
Clay 1922 Mud, dry and close 1281 - 1762
Concrete 1922 - 2242 Mud, wet and fluid 1665 - 1922
Earth 1233 - 1922 Sand, dry 1409 - 1762
Glass, crown 2498.88 Sand, wet 1890 - 2066
Glass, flint 2995.45 Sandstone 2082 - 2723
Glass, plate 2707.12 Victoria stone (crushed) 2306
Granite 2627 - 2803     granite,    
    Portland		 2306
Gravel 1441 - 2002     cement, silica 2306
 

 

 

Miscellaneous Substances

Material Density (kg/m3) Material Density (kg/m3)
Bone 1906.20 Ivory 1874.16
Grain, barley 640.74 Lard 948.29
Grain, oats 528.61 Leather 961.11
Grain, wheat 800.92 Rosin 1105.27
Guttapercha 977.13 Sulphur 2002.31
Ice 919.46 Tallow 929.07
Indiarubber 929.07 Wax 969.12
 

Weights of Woods (dry wood)

Material Density (kg/m3) Material Density (kg/m3)
Alder 528.6 Elder 640.7
Almond 688.8 Elm, American 704.8
Greenheart 1121.3 Elm, Canadian 720.8
Ash, American 640.7 Elm, Common 672.8
Ash, European 688.8 Fir, Danzig 608.7
Ash, Mountain 688.8 Fir, Riga 576.7
balsa 112.1/128.1 Fir, silver 480.6
Bamboo 400.5 Fir, Spruce 480.6
Beech, common 736.8 Hackmatack 624.7
Beech, Australian 528.6 Hazel 624.7
Birch, American 672.8 Hickery 800.9
Birch, English 720.8 Holley 608.7
Boxwood, Cape 833.0 Hornbeam 720.8
Boxwood, West Indian 784.9 Ironwood 1201.4
Boxwood, Common 1217.4 Jarrah 913.1
Cedar, Cuban 448.5 juniper 592.7
Cedar, Virginian 528.6 Lancewood 913.1
Cedar, Indian 448.5 Larch 608.7
Cherry, American 576.7 Lignum-vitae 1329.5
Cherry, English 608.7 Lime or Linden 512.6
Chestnut, Sweet 640.7 Logwood 913.1
Chestnut, Horse 560.6 Mahogany, East Indian 688.8
Cocus 1105.3 Mahogany, Cuban 752.9
Cogwood 1073.2 Mahogany, Australian 1105.3
Cork 96.1 Mahogany, Spanish 768.9
Cottonwood, American 544.6 Maple, Bird's-eye 576.7
Cypress 480.6 Maple, Hard 672.8
Dogwood 784.9 Maple, Soft 608.7
Ebony 1169.3 Oak, African 945.1

 

Weights of Woods (dry wood) Continued...

Material Density (kg/m3) Material Density (kg/m3)
Oak, American 720.8 Rosewood 881.0
Oak, Danzig 833.0 Satinwood 929.1
Oak, English 736.8 Spruce 480.6
Pine, Pitch 704.8 Sycamore 640.7
Pine, Red 544.6 Teak 800.9
Pine, White 432.5 Walnut 656.8
Pine, Yellow 528.6 Whitewood 528.6
Plane 560.6 Willow 528.6
Poplar 416.5 Yew 833.0

 

Weights of some Liquids

Material Density (kg/m3) Material Density (kg/m3)
Acid, nitric (91%) 1505.7 Oils 929.1
Acid, Sulphuric (87%) 1794.1 Paraffin 897.0
Alcohol 784.9 Petrol 881.0
Benzine 736.8 Petrol Refined 800.9
Gasoline 672.8 Water, fresh 993.1
Mercury 13599.7 Water, Salt 1025.2

 

Weights of some Metals

Material Density (kg/m3) Material Density (kg/m3)
Aluminium 2579.0 lead 10988.7
Brass 8329.6 Nickel 8794.1
Bronze 8169.4 Platinum 21496.8
Copper 8890.2 Silver 10492.1
Gold 19302.2 Steel 7849.0
Gun-metal 8650.0 Tin 7176.3
Iron, cast 7208.3 White-metal 7368.5
Iron, Wrought 7688.9 Zinc 7176.3
 

Weights of some Soils

Material Density (kg/m3) Material Density (kg/m3)
Chalk 2723.1 Mud, Wet 1922.2
Clay 2162.5 Sand, dry, loose 1601.8
Earth, loose 1201.4 Sand, wet 2082.4
Gravel 1762.0 Shale 2563.0
Mud, dry 1601.8    

 

Density of Stones & Masonry

Material Density (kg/m3) Material Density (kg/m3)
Brick, pressed 2402.8 Lime mortar 1681.9
Brick, common 2002.3 Limestone, comp'r'd 2723.1
Brick, soft 1601.8 Limestone, granular 2002.3
Brickwork 1794.1 Limestone, loose broken 1521.8
Cement 1441.7 Limestone, walls 2643.0
Concrete 2242.6 Marble 2723.1
Concrete, reinforced 2402.8 Plaster of paris 2242.6
Concrete, coke breeze 1441.7 Rubble masonry 2242.6
Flint 2563.0 Sandstone 2402.8
Granite 2723.1 Sandstone, masonry 2242.6
Lime 961.1 Slate 2803.2
 

Density of some Miscellaneous Substances

Material Density (kg/m3) Material Density (kg/m3)
Anthracite, broken loose 865.0 Grain, Wheat 768.9
Asbestos 2995.5 Grain, barley 624.7
Asphalt 1409.6 Grain, Oats 512.6
Coal, bituminous 1361.6 Hay & straw, in bales 320.4
Coal, broken, loose 800.9 Ice 913.1
Coke 720.8 salt 720.8
Coke, loose 480.6 Sulphur 2002.3
Flour 6408.7 White Lead 3155.6
Glass, window 2563.0 Glass, flint 3043.5
 

Lengths of some substances

Looking at your request in particular

1.  Sand  (See the particle table attached)

2.  An Atom varies in size (see the other two attached pictures).  Oxygen has a diameter of about 1.3 Angstrom (1X10^(-10)  meters).  You could line up 75 million oxygen atoms in a distance of 1 centimeter.

3. Paraffin fume also varies in diameter. But the best approximation would be the C4H10 molecule on the particle size table.  Paraffin is any molecule with the formulae C(n)H(2n+2), with n =4 gives you C4H10.  You can then approximate the diameter by adding the atomic diameters of each molecule, although there would be some inaccuracy as the molecules are not all in a straight line.  Paraffin is usually made up of particles with n = 20 or more.

4.  Size of Coffee Beans: I recommend buying some coffee beans and measuring the size with a ruler.

atomic radius.gif (57010 bytes)

atomic_size_comparison.gif (62942 bytes)

particle_size_diagram.gif (24515 bytes)

particle_size_table.gif (148481 bytes)

 

Visit this website for these densities.

http://www.simetric.co.uk/si_materials.htm

Material - powder, ore, solids, etc.
kg/cu.m.
Alfalfa, ground 256
Alum, lumpy 881
Alum, pulverized 753
Alumina 961
Aluminum, oxide 1522
Ammonia gas 0.77
Ammonium Nitrate 730
Ammonium Sulphate - dry 1130
Ammonium Sulphate - wet 1290
Andesite, solid 2771
Antimony, cast 6696
Apples 641
Arsenic